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References

REFERENCES BY CHAPTER

Chapter 1 References


  1. Scott C, Neira Agonh D, Lehmann C. Antibacterial Effects of Phytocannabinoids. Life. 2022; 12(9):1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091394

  2. Rezende, B., Alencar, A. K. N., de Bem, G. F., Fontes-Dantas, F. L., & Montes, G. C. (2023). Endocannabinoid System: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020148

  3. Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(8):2778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082778

  4. Finn DP, Haroutounian S, Hohmann AG, Krane E, Soliman N, Rice ASC. Cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and pain: a review of preclinical studies. Pain. 2021 Jul 1;162(Suppl 1):S5-S25. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002268. PMID: 33729211; PMCID: PMC8819673. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/33729211/

  5. Matei D, Trofin D, Iordan DA, Onu I, Condurache I, Ionite C, Buculei I. The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Exercise. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 19;24(3):1989. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031989. PMID: 36768332; PMCID: PMC9916354. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768332/

  6. de Melo Reis RA, Isaac AR, Freitas HR, de Almeida MM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS, Trevenzoli IH. Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System. Front Neurosci. 2021 Oct 28;15:747229. doi: 10.3389/ fnins.2021.747229. PMID: 34776851; PMCID: PMC8581450. https://pmc. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8581450/

  7. Russo EB. Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency Reconsidered: Current Research Supports the Theory in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel, and Other Treatment-Resistant Syndromes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016 Jul 1;1(1):154- 165. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0009. PMID: 28861491; PMCID: PMC5576607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28861491/


Chapter 2 References

  1. Jin, D., Dai, K., Xie, Z. et al. Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences, Leaves, Stem Barks, and Roots for Medicinal Purposes. Sci Rep 10, 3309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60172-6

  2. Dos Reis Rosa Franco G, Smid S, Viegas C. Phytocannabinoids: General Aspects and Pharmacological Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(4):449-464. doi: 10.2174/1570159X186662007201 72624. PMID: 32691712; PMCID: PMC8206465. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/articles/PMC8206465/

  3. de Brito Siqueira ALG, Cremasco PVV, Bahú JO, Pioli da Silva A, Melo de Andrade LR, González PGA, Crivellin S, Cárdenas Concha VO, Krambeck K, Lodi L, Severino P, Souto EB. Phytocannabinoids: Pharmacological effects, biomedical applications, and worldwide prospection. J Tradit Complement Med. 2023 Aug 26;13(6):575-587. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.08.006. PMID: 38020546; PMCID: PMC10658372. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10658372/

  4. Russo EB. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid- terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1344-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x. PMID: 21749363; PMCID: PMC3165946. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3165946/

  5. Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F. The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):692-8. doi: 10.1007/ s13311-015-0374-6. PMID: 26271952; PMCID: PMC4604172. https://pmc. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4604172/

  6. Russo EB. The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jan 9;9:1969. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01969. PMID: 30687364; PMCID: PMC6334252. https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30687364/

  7. Chayasirisobhon S. Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis. Perm J. 2020 Dec;25:1-3. doi: 10.7812/TPP/19.200. PMID: 33635755; PMCID: PMC8803256.

  8. Hossain KR, Alghalayini A, Valenzuela SM. Current Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Cannabidiol Solubility. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 25;24(19):14514. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914514. PMID: 37833962; PMCID: PMC10572536.

  9. Varadi G, Zhu Z, Crowley HD, Moulin M, Dey R, Lewis ED, Evans M. Examining the Systemic Bioavailability of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabinol from a Novel Transdermal Delivery System in Healthy Adults: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Exploratory Study. Adv Ther. 2023 Jan;40(1):282-293. doi: 10.1007/s12325- 022-02345-5. Epub 2022 Oct 29. PMID: 36308640; PMCID: PMC9859876.

  10. Kirk RD, Akanji T, Li H, Shen J, Allababidi S, Seeram NP, Bertin MJ, Ma H. Evaluations of Skin Permeability of Cannabidiol and Its Topical Formulations by Skin Membrane-Based Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay and Franz Cell Diffusion Assay. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2022 Oct 10;5(1):129-137. doi: 10.1159/000526769. PMID: 36467778; PMCID: PMC9710319.

  11. Zamarripa CA, Tilton HE, Lin S, Cone EJ, Winecker RE, Flegel RR, Kuntz D, Beals M, Jacques M, Clark M, Welsh ER, Wagner L, Bonn-Miller MO, Vandrey R, Spindle TR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of five distinct commercially available hemp-derived topical cannabidiol products. J Anal Toxicol. 2024 Mar 1;48(2):81-98. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkae001. PMID: 38217086.

  12. Oswald IWH, Paryani TR, Sosa ME, Ojeda MA, Altenbernd MR, Grandy JJ, Shafer NS, Ngo K, Peat JR 3rd, Melshenker BG, Skelly I, Koby KA, Page MFZ, Martin TJ. Minor, Nonterpenoid Volatile Compounds Drive the Aroma Differences of Exotic Cannabis. ACS Omega. 2023 Oct 12;8(42):39203-39216. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04496. PMID: 37901519; PMCID: PMC10601067. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10601067/


Chapter 3 References

  1. Grotenhermen, F. (2003). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids. Clinical Pharmacokinetics.

  2. Huestis, M. A. (2007). Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics. Chemistry & Biodiversity.

  3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.

  4. Zuardi, A. W. (2008). Cannabidiol: From an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with a wide spectrum of action. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria.

  5. Skypala IJ, Jeimy S, Brucker H, Nayak AP, Decuyper II, Bernstein JA, Connors L, Kanani A, Klimek L, Lo SCR, Murphy KR, Nanda A, Poole JA, Walusiak- Skorupa J, Sussman G, Zeiger JS, Goodman RE, Ellis AK, Silvers WS, Ebo DG; International Cannabis Allergy Collaboration. Cannabis-related allergies: An international overview and consensus recommendations. Allergy. 2022 Jul;77(7):2038-2052. doi: 10.1111/all.15237. Epub 2022 Feb 14. PMID: 35102560; PMCID: PMC9871863.

  6. Larramendi CH, López-Matas MÁ, Ferrer A, Huertas AJ, Pagán JA, Navarro LÁ, García-Abujeta JL, Andreu C, Carnés J. Prevalence of sensitization to Cannabis sativa. Lipid-transfer and thaumatin-like proteins are relevant allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(2):115-22. doi: 10.1159/000351068. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PMID: 23921252.


Chapter 4 References

  1. Russo, E. B. (2019). The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain.

  2. Huestis, M. A. (2007). Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics. Chemistry & Biodiversity.

  3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.


Chapter 5 References

  1. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 Jan 12. PMID: 28182367.

  2. Shulman H, Sewpersaud V, Thirlwell C. Evolving Global Perspectives of Pharmacists: Dispensing Medical Cannabis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2022 Apr;7(2):126-134. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0144. Epub 2021 Apr 16. PMID: 33998897; PMCID: PMC9070745.

  3. Hundertmark M, Ihlenfeld A, Landschaft A, Röhrich J, Germerott T, Wunder C. Individual application patterns of Cannabis-based Medicines in Germany - Descriptive evaluation of a patient survey and discussion from a forensic perspective. Forensic Sci Int. 2024 Dec 18;367:112352. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112352. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39709741.

  4. Pawar AKS, Firmin ES, Wilens TE, Hammond CJ. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Medical and Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis Use Among Youth in the United States. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Nov;63(11):1084-1113. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.02.016. Epub 2024 Mar 27. PMID: 38552901.

  5. Pacula RL, Smart R. Medical Marijuana and Marijuana Legalization. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2017 May 8;13:397-419. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045128. PMID: 28482686; PMCID: PMC6358421.


Chapter 6 References

See Chapter 6 for details. Studies organized by diagnosis.


Chapter 7-8 References

  1. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. 2017.

  2. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2456-73. PMID: 26103030 PubMed Link

  3. Lucas P, Walsh Z. Medical Cannabis Access, Use, and Substitution for Prescription Opioids and Other Substances: A Survey of Patients at a Tertiary Care Pain Clinic. J Pain. 2017 Jul;18(7):839-851. PMID: 28153653 PubMed Link

  4. MacCallum CA, Russo EB. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. Eur J Intern Med. 2018 Mar;49:7-11. PMID: 29307505 PubMed Link

  5. Grayson L, Vines B, Nichol K, Szaflarski JP; UAB CBD Program. An interaction between warfarin and cannabidiol, a case report. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2017 Oct 12;9:10-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2017.10.001. PMID: 29387536 PMCID: PMC5789126 PubMed Link

  6. Huestis MA. Human cannabinoid pharmacokinetics. Chem Biodivers. 2007 Aug;4(8):1770-804. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200790152. PMID: 17712819 PMCID: PMC2689518 PubMed Link

  7. Bridgeman MB, Abazia DT. Medicinal Cannabis: History, Pharmacology, And Implications for the Acute Care Setting. P T. 2017 Mar;42(3):180-188. PMID: 28250701 PMCID: PMC5312634 PubMed Link

  8. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Laux L, et al. Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 25;376(21):2011- 2020. PMID: 28538134 PubMed Link

  9. Health Canada. Cannabis regulations and legislation. 2022. Not indexed on PubMed. Official Website

  10. 1Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS. The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis. Pharmacotherapy. 2013 Feb;33(2):195-209. PMID: 23386598 PubMed Link

  11. Volkow ND, Bianchi S, Compton WM, et al. Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 5;370(23):2219-27. PMID: 24897085 PubMed Link

  12. Hartman RL, Huestis MA. Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills. Clin Chem. 2013 Mar;59(3):478-492. PMID: 23220273 PubMed Link

  13. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). State Medical Cannabis Laws. 2024. Not indexed on PubMed. Official NCSL Resource

  14. FDA. Epidiolex (cannabidiol) Approval Letter. 2018. Not indexed on PubMed. FDA Press Release

  15. USDA. Hemp Farming Act. 2018. Not indexed on PubMed. Legislation Resource

  16. Zuardi AW. Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008 Sep;30(3):271-80. PMID: 18833429 PubMed Link

  17. 17. MacCallum CA, Russo EB. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018 Mar;49:7-11. (Duplicate citation in text) PMID: 29307505 PubMed Link

  18. Bonnet U, Preuss UW. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017 Oct 12;8:9-37. PMID: 29033790 PMCID: PMC5648552 PubMed Link

  19. Babson KA, Sottile J, Morabito D. Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: A Review of the Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Apr;19(4):23. PMID: 28349316 PubMed Link

  20. Lucas C, Galettis P, Schneider J. Cannabis and Health: A Comprehensive Review. J Cannabis Res. 2019 Oct 4;1(1):4. PMID: 33150323 PubMed Link

  21. MacCallum CA, Russo EB. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018 Mar;49:7- 11. (Duplicate citation in text) PMID: 29307505 PubMed Link

  22. Sarris J, Sinclair J, Karamacoska D, Davidson M, Firth J. Integrative Approaches to Pain Management: Barriers and Opportunities. Pain Manag Nurs. 2020 Apr;21(2):130-137. PMID: 32007395 PubMed Link

  23. Russo EB. The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jan 23;9:1969. PMID: 30761145 PubMed Link

  24. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. 2017. (Duplicate citation in text) Not indexed on PubMed. Full Report

  25. Society of Cannabis Clinicians (SCC). Directory of Cannabis-Literate Healthcare Professionals. 2023. Not indexed on PubMed. SCC Directory


Chapter 9-10 References

  1. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. 2017. Not indexed on PubMed.

  2. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2456- 2473. PMID: 26103030

  3. MacCallum CA, Russo EB. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. Eur J Intern Med. 2018 Mar;49:12-19. PMID: 29307505

  4. Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS. The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis. Pharmacotherapy. 2013 Feb;33(2):195-209. PMID: 23386598

  5. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). State Medical Cannabis Laws. 2024. Not indexed on PubMed. Official NCSL Resource

  6. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Controlled Substances Act: Schedules. 2023. Not indexed on PubMed. DEA Resource

  7. Society of Cannabis Clinicians (SCC). Directory of Cannabis-Literate Healthcare Professionals. 2023. Not indexed on PubMed. SCC Directory

  8. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Laux L, et al. Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 25;376(21):2011-2020. PMID: 28538134

  9. Abrams DI, Jay CA, Shade SB, et al. Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2007 Feb 13;68(7):515-521.PMID: 17296917

  10. Volkow ND, Bianchi S, Compton WM, et al. Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 5;370(23):2219-2227.PMID: 24897085

  11. Grayson L, Vines B, Nichol K, Szaflarski JP; UAB CBD Program. An interaction between warfarin and cannabidiol, a case report. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2017 Oct 12;9:10-11. PMID: 29387536 PMCID: PMC5789126

  12. Office for Civil Rights (OCR). HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules. 2023. Not indexed on PubMed. OCR Resource

  13. American Medical Association (AMA). Code of Medical Ethics. 2023. Not indexed on PubMed. AMA Ethics Resource

  14. Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). Guidelines for the Recommendation of Medical Marijuana. 2021. Not indexed on PubMed.

  15. Bridgeman MB, Abazia DT. Medicinal Cannabis: History, Pharmacology, And Implications for the Acute Care Setting. P T. 2017 Mar;42(3):180-188. PMID: 28250701 PMCID: PMC5312634

  16. Russo EB. The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jan 23;9:1969. PMID: 30761145

  17. Sarris J, Sinclair J, Karamacoska D, Davidson M, Firth J. Integrative Approaches to Pain Management: Barriers and Opportunities. Pain Manag Nurs. 2020 Apr;21(2):130-137.PMID: 32007395

  18. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. 2017.PMID: 28182367

  19. Bradford AC, Bradford WD. Association Between US State Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Prescribing in the Medicare Part D Population. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 May 1;178(5):667-672. PMID: 29543952

  20. Russo EB, Marcu J. Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. Adv Pharmacol. 2017;80:67-134.PMID: 28579309

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